What is the primary action to take for a patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8?

A patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8 presents as significantly impaired in consciousness and may have compromised airway reflexes. In this scenario, the primary concern is securing the airway to prevent respiratory failure and ensure that adequate ventilation occurs. Intubation is the most appropriate intervention because it allows for direct control of the airway and ensures that the patient can be adequately ventilated if spontaneous breathing is insufficient.

Monitoring vital signs, although important in the overall management of the patient, does not directly address the immediate risk of airway compromise in someone with such a low GCS. Immediate surgery may not be necessary unless there are clear indications of a surgical emergency, such as intracranial hemorrhage or other conditions requiring immediate intervention. Likewise, while oxygen therapy might be beneficial in ensuring that the patient receives adequate oxygenation, it does not address the fundamental issue of securing a patent airway in someone who is not able to maintain it themselves.

Thus, intubation is the critical prioritized action in this situation to protect the airway and provide necessary respiratory support.