What is the first step in managing a patient found unresponsive without a pulse?

The correct management protocol for a patient found unresponsive without a pulse begins with initiating high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This is essential because, in cases of cardiac arrest, immediate CPR can help maintain blood flow to vital organs and increase the chances of successful resuscitation until advanced medical help arrives.

High-quality CPR involves providing chest compressions at the correct rate and depth, allowing for adequate recoil between compressions, and minimizing interruptions. This technique is vital in preventing brain damage and increasing the likelihood of survival. It effectively buys time for advanced interventions, such as defibrillation or medication administration, which may be required later in the resuscitation effort.

Calling for emergency assistance is important but typically follows the initiation of CPR, as immediate action is crucial in the case of a cardiac arrest. Administering intravenous fluids is not indicated at this early stage, as the priority is to restore circulation and ventilation. The Heimlich maneuver, designed to relieve choking, has no role in a scenario where a patient is unresponsive and without a pulse, as the focus should be on resuscitative measures rather than addressing airway obstruction.