What condition is characterized by the presence of a "slapped cheek" rash in children?

Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is characterized by the presence of a "slapped cheek" rash in children. This condition is caused by parvovirus B19 and typically presents in three stages. Initially, there is a bright red rash on the cheeks, giving the appearance of having been slapped. Following this, a lacy, reticular rash may appear on the body.

The key aspect that makes Fifth disease identifiable is the distinctive facial rash that occurs early in the illness. This feature allows for differentiation from other conditions that may also cause rashes, such as chickenpox, which is characterized by vesicular lesions; scarlet fever, which presents with a fine, sandpaper-like rash often preceded by a sore throat; and measles, known for its confluent rash and accompanying symptoms of cough, coryza (runny nose), and conjunctivitis.

The classic "slapped cheek" appearance is a hallmark of Fifth disease and is a vital clue for healthcare providers when assessing a child with rash symptoms.