In cases of severe asthma exacerbation, what class of medications is recommended for rapid relief of bronchospasm?

In cases of severe asthma exacerbation, beta-agonists are the preferred class of medications for rapid relief of bronchospasm. These medications work by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the bronchi, leading to muscle relaxation and dilation of the airways, which quickly alleviates symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

The effectiveness of beta-agonists, particularly short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs), in providing immediate bronchodilation makes them the cornerstone of treatment during acute exacerbations. They can be administered via nebulization or a metered-dose inhaler, allowing for quick uptake and response.

While corticosteroids play a crucial role in managing inflammation and preventing future exacerbations, their action is not rapid; they require several hours to exert their effects. Anticholinergics can also provide some bronchodilation but are generally not as effective as beta-agonists for immediate relief. Leukotriene inhibitors are used for long-term management of asthma but do not provide instant relief during acute episodes. Thus, beta-agonists are the most appropriate choice for addressing acute asthma exacerbations effectively.